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Diocles of Carystus (; (ギリシア語:Διοκλῆς ὁ Καρύστιος); (ラテン語:Diocles Carystius); also known by the Latin name Diocles Medicus, i.e. "Diocles the physician"; c. 375 BC – c. 295 BC) was a very celebrated Greek physician, born in Carystus, a city on Euboea, Greece. Diocles lived not long after the time of Hippocrates, to whom Pliny says he was next in age and fame.〔Pliny, ''Natural History'' (xxvi. 6 )〕 Not much is known of his life, other that he lived and worked in Athens, where he wrote what may be the first medical treatise in Attic (not in Ionic as was customary in Greek medical writings). His most important work was in practical medicine, especially diet and nutrition, but he also wrote the first systematic textbook on animal anatomy. According to a number of sources, he was the first to use the word "anatomy" to describe the study.〔Isaac Asimov, ''Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology'' 2nd Revised Edition〕 He belonged to the medical sect of the ''Dogmatici'', and wrote several medical works, of which only the titles and some fragments remain, preserved by Galen, Caelius Aurelianus, Oribasius, Athenaeus (in the ''Deipnosophistae''), and other ancient writers.〔Galen, ''De alimentis facultatibus'', i. 1〕 There is a letter in his name addressed to king Antigonus, entitled ''A Letter on Preserving Health'' ((ギリシア語:Ἐπιστολὴ Προφυλακτική)), which is inserted by Paul of Aegina at the end of the first book of his own medical compendium, and which, if genuine, was probably addressed to Antigonus II Gonatas, king of Macedon, who died in 239 BC, at the age of eighty, after a reign of forty-four years.〔Paul of Aegina, ''Medical Compendium in Seven Books'', i〕 It resembles in its subject matter several other similar letters ascribed to Hippocrates, and treats of the diet fitted for the different seasons of the year. It used to be said that Diocles was the first to explain the difference between the veins and arteries; but this does not seem to be correct, nor is any great discovery connected with his name. His fragments have been recently collected and translated in English by Philip van der Eijk, with a commentary in a separate volume. Diocles insisted that health requires an understanding of the nature of the universe and its relationship to man. Diocles emphasized that nerves are the channels of sensations and that interference with them is directly involved in the pathology of disease.〔Marcus Bach. (1968). The Chiropractic Story. DeVors&Co., inc., Los Angeles, California. USA〕 Diocles was the inventor of a surgical instrument for the extraction of weapons or missiles such as barbed arrowheads that were embedded into the body, called Dioclean cyathiscus(Spoon of Dioclese) ((ギリシア語:κυαθίσκος τοῦ Διοκλέους)).〔Celsus, Book VII. 5. 2B–3B〕 ==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diocles of Carystus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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